Clear, bright skin is something we all desire. But with age and too much sun you may have developed some brown or dark spots which may alter your complexion significantly. But what excactly causes pigmentation and what can you do about it? In this 3-part article series we will answer all those questions for you!
What are skin pigmentation disorders?
A Skin pigmentation disorder occurs when some parts of the skin are lighter or darker than normal. Skin can also be discoloured or blotchy.
What are the main causes of skin pigmentation?
Your skin shows discolorations when either too much or too little melanin is produced. This can happen because of the following:
- Sun damage
- Genetic inheritance
- Reaction to a specific drug you are taking
- Hormonal changes in your body (especially when you’re aging)
- Birth control pills
Which types of pigmentation disorders are there?
Hypo pigmentation
This happens when insufficient melanin is produced by the body. It can also occur as a result of a burn, infection or ulcer, as pigment is decreased.
Albinism
This is an inherited condition where a person is born with very light skin. Unfortunately, there is no cure and people with this condition should avoid the sun and use a sunblock at all times.
Vitiligo
Made famous by Micheal Jackson, this is a form of hypo pigmentation caused by the loss of pigment-producing cells in the skin (melanocytes). Visible white patches become visible that are very sensitive to the sun. T
Hyper Pigmentation
With hyper pigmentation too much melanin is produced which turns the skin darker. It can occur as a result of sunbaking or as a reaction to drugs. Birthmarks, moles, and aging spots are all indications of hyper pigmentation. These spots should be notitored carefully for change in colour, texture or size to spot early signs of cancer.
Lichen Simplex Chronicus
This skin pigmentation disorder is characterized by dark patches of skin accompanied with severe itching. This can lead to permanent scarring and infection if untreated.
Melasma
Melasma is a form of hyper pigmentation that often occurs during pregnancy. Skin on cheeks, nose and neck will turn darker.
Birthmarks
Called birthmarks for a reason as they are usually apparant directly after birth.
Port-wine Stains
Dark marks that are a result of abnormal development of capillaries.
So what can be done about pigmentation disorders?
Stay tuned for our next article on skin pigmentation where we will see which treatments there are available to treat skin pigmentation disorders.
Related articles:
- Treatments for skin pigmentation (part 2)
- Skin pigmentation; which products & creams to use? (part 3)
- Skin treatments for anti-aging
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